1. Explore the concept of
As a geographical term, natural scenery, landscape refers to the surface. Urban street landscape covered city streets and artificial scenery of the landscape. Landscapeis from the Western Jin Dynasty used the term landscape of landscape designis the center of Sun Xiaoxiang Professor LandscapeArchitecture can be translated as landscape designis correct. Landscapefor landscape design ideas include conception, the use of the natural topography and shape, and landscape architectural layout, landscape comedy, Yuen Road and venues, landscape plants, home, and others. Is a cross-cutting arts and sciences, scientific and artistic exchanges. Green is the green building, urban street greening landscape not only streets, we should also take into account landscape of urban construction, reflect the city's culture and arts.
2.1 Tourist Resort environmental features
2.1 Tourist Resort environmental planning in the framework of the city landscape, it was the city streets describe urban landscape of the vascular landscape, in urban transport, shopping, exchanges, is inseparable from the city streets landscape.
2.2 urban street pattern is important to reflect the city's character
Every city because of their geographical location and a different era, the street pattern is different, with the city's development, the size of the cities continues to expand, growing urban land use, and in some cities in the original on the basis of the surrounding development, the typical If China's capital Beijing, and some separate from the Old City Metro in the vicinity, such as typical of Pingyao City in Shanxi, and some new combination of the old city, in today's typical Shen Yangcheng.
Regardless of what form the city, its streets pattern reflected the history of the development process, recording an important historical events and stories. Living in one of these special people in the door will be the location of a corresponding Lenovo, is the city would like to have happened, said city streets can be recorded in the city's history and cultural implication of the city. For example: the new conversion toddlers Qiaojie Handan, the area by the story of Handan toddlers completed.
In the city because some of the historical period representative formed by the structure of the city will determine the pattern of development, forming the layout of the characteristics of urban space, which formed in the corresponding public in the cultural heritage of the pattern can be said to city streets reflect the characteristics of the city.
2.3 city streets on behalf of the city image
People on the streets not only involve the perception of its road itself, but also include constructionon both sides of the streets, visit the street trees, the square scenery and billboards, and so on overpass. This series of things together to form the overall image of the street, and any of these things for the lower quality, the image of the entire street, and the streets will affect the image of city's image.
Street landscape on the merits of the quality of people's spiritual civilization has a great influence. Living in the city for the people, improve the quality of street landscape can enhance people's sense of pride and cohesion, and promoting spiritual civilization and material civilization. For foreign tourists and office are concerned, because they stay a shorter time, but most of the time spent in the street, on behalf of the entire city streets to those outside the image.
In short, urban street landscape is the core of urban landscape, as urban development, the living environment of mankind on the increasingly high demands, so the street level of service continues to increase. This requires designers to expand on the streets, to adapt to social demands.
2.4 city streets is the stage show urban landscape
The Massachusetts Institute of Technology Professor Emeritus • Kevin Lynch (Kevin Lynch) in his book "image of the city", a book on the city's image in people's hearts, he believes that "any city there is a public impression that it impressed by the superposition of many. "he concluded through a large amount of data: a city's image with the five main elements of the city, they are" road edge, regional, nodes and signs. "
Few ordinary people from the urban form, the history of urban development to understand these professional perspective. A city impressive is often on the streets of the city landscape, the scale on the streets, on both sides of the streets and buildings of the body style, different color plaque advertising signs and instructions, a unique Green, comedy , facilities, as well as traffic on the streets of the shuttle, or walk or hasty trip people, or stop and chat or watch…… people on the streets of these cities often become scenes of the representatives of the city landscape. For example, the Old City of Paris, France Rural Elysees Avenue, on both sides of the unique traditional style buildings to accommodate the world's leading luxury boutiques, and the axis on the street, together with the Arc de Triomphe in Paris, France by the Old City's unique urban landscape.
3. Status quo of China's urban street landscape
Over the last 10 years since the appearance of the city's tremendous changes, but China's urban landscape and there is a great gap between the advanced countries also need to continue work. City streets on the current landscape of the existence of major problems in the following areas:
3.1 sound functional facilities
In our country there are many cities in the road traffic environment status quo, considered only the basic requirements of the Road Traffic - on the request of the road, ignoring the various facilities of a street, such as traffic signs, street lighting, as well as other for the use of various facilities, use can not meet the people's demands.
3.2 poor quality of the environment
My street status to common problems is the issue of environmental quality; streets Green system is not perfect, does not repair the defect Green timely; chaotic streets architectural forms, no character to the wall more than it is not modified wall, advertising free Luantie; lack of traffic signs The carefully designed system. Lack of facilities streets serialization and standardization of design and overall poor.
3.3 street environment "heavy vehicles not Tongren"
Lack of heavy traffic sections of the footbridge, and the street crossings Line Road, pedestrians had to risk crossing the streets in many cities traffic needs in order to squeeze out the way sidewalks widened Vehicle Road, Indiana allowed to enter the vehicle, and increase the risk of traffic ; driveway and sidewalk between a lack of isolation facilities, hence the lack of walking space security.
3.4 low level street facilities
Street lighting failed to meet the transport needs of the ground walking Road Paving Materials Durability poor, the low quality of construction, the Pacers can not meet the basic requirements of the walk. Lacking for the disabled, the elderly, the children's mother cart to provide convenient accessibility design. A serious shortage of supporting facilities for pedestrians on the streets of the service facilities, such as public toilets, Jielu signs, traffic map display, public telephone booths and the necessary rest, such as a serious shortage of space, and the improvement of the appearance of the city is not synchronous.
Lack personality street construction3.5
1000 House side, 1000 Street side of the phenomenon of widespread criticism over the past people 'the box', regardless of today's urban historical background, without looking at the overall outlook of the city has emerged around the imitation of European architecture, making the street lost its personality . Street construction in the space, the construction on both sides of the color, materials, was too similar to the format, the lack of knowledge.
3.6 lack of public places
The design of the road traffic environment with little regard for the public to provide information exchanges places. People's Bank lack of space, the lack of street Square, people in the city streets can not stay safe places, let alone held more rich and colorful activities.
Analysis of the reasons for the existence of Q in the following areas:
A. historical reasons
As our country's historical reasons, resulting in too many urban traffic facilities and repudiating debts, the supply and demand imbalance, coupled with the influx of large numbers of people after the reform of city, had exacerbated the conflict.
B. Issues
China's urban construction over the past long followed a "practical, economic, and the possible conditions under stress handsome" principle. This principle in the early period after the liberation, in a poverty-stricken conditions repair the wounds of war, a rapid improvement of the appearance of the city developed the idea. But cities in the development, social progress, but we are not with the concept of updating.
C. management was not tight
City street construction, maintenance and management of many of compartmentalization, as boundaries unclear, a problem often shirk each other, play. Caused to the city streets have also all regardless, often management imbalance phenomenon, a typical phenomenon is the same section of the city streets excavation.
D. legislation is not perfect
At present the main urban planning and management regulations "Law on Urban Planning", and urban construction management major means of control - control of the detailed planning, on city streets red line width urban areas only, the import and export section and traffic directions made, not on the environmental impact of city streets so many factors request.
4. Light of the existing problems, street landscape design should follow the principle of
4.1 "people-centered" principle
The "people-oriented" ideology from Europe during the Renaissance humanist trend of thought, the people of the Middle Ages in Europe as the center of Renaissance Italy during the aesthetic ideology, but also into humanism, advocating freedom of thought and liberation.
In the streets in the city landscape requirements, mainly manifested in the people's ownership in the overall planning of the control of the streets of detailed planning landscape design. Various service facilities in the street configuration and the construction of the implementation process, we must proceed from the perspective of meeting people's physical and psychological requirements. Because the crowd is the main streets, their lifestyle and behavior determines the future of cities. Urban street landscape design to take into account the different requirements of different concepts - a good landscape design of city streets sake of people everywhere.
4.2 respect, the protection of historical inheritance and the role of
Those in the historic city sites, has left a profound impression, which the city laid the foundation for the building of character. This is because the city has places of historical significance architectural form, color and spatial scales and lifestyle, and precisely and hidden in the eyes of the public, driving behavior geographical anastomosis social values and cultural identity, it can arouse public sympathy, arousing the past memories of a cultural identity.
So, we in the streets King respect history, and the protection of historical inheritance, and at the same time to develop. Select the essence, choose the dross.
4.3 holistic principles
Urban street pattern of the design of the overall departure from the city, city street landscape design should reflect the city and display the image and personality.
Urban street landscape design for the city's prominent personality services.
4.4 sustainability principles
With urban development, with the deteriorating environment, the deterioration of the environment awakens the people, and sustainable development have emerged. Sustainable development is the theme of the 21st century, meaning it has two, one for the meeting stressed the need to improve people's living standards as a goal is a concern about the factors that affect development.
Sustainable urban development, sustainable development is an important component of the environment in the design of city streets to follow this point, advocating nature and the pursuit of natural, man and nature to the high degree of integration. In the street landscape design should pay attention to strengthening the adjustment of the natural landscape elements, use and recovery.
5. Urban landscape design analysis
City streets and traffic can be divided into the streets, living in the streets, walking and other walking commercial use Road. They requested the landscape has its own characteristics. But they have much in common, both for the convenience, can be identified, can be ornamental, safety, suitability. We can learn from the following aspects: a comprehensive analysis of:
5.1 street form of consideration
The traffic of the streets, we must have a radius of the curve of the line mainly through road construction on both sides of the trees and street width than height and the creation of space feelings. This flow of vehicles to stimulate services. Tingchean wall in the vicinity of the whole number of murals, added to the streets of light.
Street traffic is walking the streets of continuity in the design must pay attention to the rational use of retractable way, the park's North District in sequence processing plant on doing a good job. If further widening the space for a number of landscape pieces such as small fountain sculpture, adding to the natural taste of the streets, such as Canada's Teke Fruit Street.
5.2 billboards, environmental sculpture pieces and facilities design
Advertising is the product of the information age, street advertising in the modern urban landscape plays an important role. Is the role of street advertising propaganda, it should be emphasized that stimulate, for larger, often affect the city image, the advertisement must be strictly approval. But if the streets with advertising and sculpture pieces, we added a lot of fun, and space-saving. Pieces street sculpture, functional facilities should be out of obsolete concepts, stressed that the form of beautiful and functional diversity, design ideas must reflect the natural, interesting, lively and relaxed. For example, telephone booths will be bold, seat of art and badges.
5.3 city streets Green Design
Green design is urban street design of the core city streets, a good greening simple, generous, clear, natural, open landscape. Green ancient and modern roads are much attention. Back in China, "Han" on the record: "the pot calling the Road-Canton, San Zhang and trees, thick build aloof hidden gold cone, a Pine Tree" shows more than 2,000 years ago, China has used pine for street trees, Kyoto Yu Tang Chang'an use, such as Huai do street trees. With the rapid development of urban construction, urban roads, more varied functions, and formed a variety of greenbelt. Also will be street trees, and shelter belts or 106% of the common green corridor. Green streets with other green design must follow the same unity, reconciliation, balance, tempo and rhythm of the five principles of scale and proportion.
Green in the form of city streets is varied. Selection of the street according to the street environment characteristics decision. For example, on both sides of landscape architectural characteristics compared to performance of the construction then choose relatively low plant. Green streets have their special features, its most important plant configuration. Green plants road configuration should reflect diversity and individuality of a combination of the aesthetic thinking in site conditions permitting, through the buffer zone configuration, the small trees and flowering shrubs, really large, medium and small trees and flowering shrubs The combination showed a level of street landscape.
Green city streets should also pay attention to the choice of street trees, street trees change of a single species, the color was too much duplication. Should take the road of street trees in the same configuration practices relatively uniform way. We can choose more than 10 species of street trees as keynote to ensure that the urban road greening reflects harmony with the overall style, and the middle and lower classes as colorful. Adhere to native trees mainly at the same time vigorously promote the local natural conditions for the species.
In addition, selected street trees, beautiful children alone, not to the street trees shading features, such as Guangzhou on the Binjiang Road, the pursuit of beauty stubbornly ignored the functions of street trees.
As a geographical term, natural scenery, landscape refers to the surface. Urban street landscape covered city streets and artificial scenery of the landscape. Landscapeis from the Western Jin Dynasty used the term landscape of landscape designis the center of Sun Xiaoxiang Professor LandscapeArchitecture can be translated as landscape designis correct. Landscapefor landscape design ideas include conception, the use of the natural topography and shape, and landscape architectural layout, landscape comedy, Yuen Road and venues, landscape plants, home, and others. Is a cross-cutting arts and sciences, scientific and artistic exchanges. Green is the green building, urban street greening landscape not only streets, we should also take into account landscape of urban construction, reflect the city's culture and arts.
2.1 Tourist Resort environmental features
2.1 Tourist Resort environmental planning in the framework of the city landscape, it was the city streets describe urban landscape of the vascular landscape, in urban transport, shopping, exchanges, is inseparable from the city streets landscape.
2.2 urban street pattern is important to reflect the city's character
Every city because of their geographical location and a different era, the street pattern is different, with the city's development, the size of the cities continues to expand, growing urban land use, and in some cities in the original on the basis of the surrounding development, the typical If China's capital Beijing, and some separate from the Old City Metro in the vicinity, such as typical of Pingyao City in Shanxi, and some new combination of the old city, in today's typical Shen Yangcheng.
Regardless of what form the city, its streets pattern reflected the history of the development process, recording an important historical events and stories. Living in one of these special people in the door will be the location of a corresponding Lenovo, is the city would like to have happened, said city streets can be recorded in the city's history and cultural implication of the city. For example: the new conversion toddlers Qiaojie Handan, the area by the story of Handan toddlers completed.
In the city because some of the historical period representative formed by the structure of the city will determine the pattern of development, forming the layout of the characteristics of urban space, which formed in the corresponding public in the cultural heritage of the pattern can be said to city streets reflect the characteristics of the city.
2.3 city streets on behalf of the city image
People on the streets not only involve the perception of its road itself, but also include constructionon both sides of the streets, visit the street trees, the square scenery and billboards, and so on overpass. This series of things together to form the overall image of the street, and any of these things for the lower quality, the image of the entire street, and the streets will affect the image of city's image.
Street landscape on the merits of the quality of people's spiritual civilization has a great influence. Living in the city for the people, improve the quality of street landscape can enhance people's sense of pride and cohesion, and promoting spiritual civilization and material civilization. For foreign tourists and office are concerned, because they stay a shorter time, but most of the time spent in the street, on behalf of the entire city streets to those outside the image.
In short, urban street landscape is the core of urban landscape, as urban development, the living environment of mankind on the increasingly high demands, so the street level of service continues to increase. This requires designers to expand on the streets, to adapt to social demands.
2.4 city streets is the stage show urban landscape
The Massachusetts Institute of Technology Professor Emeritus • Kevin Lynch (Kevin Lynch) in his book "image of the city", a book on the city's image in people's hearts, he believes that "any city there is a public impression that it impressed by the superposition of many. "he concluded through a large amount of data: a city's image with the five main elements of the city, they are" road edge, regional, nodes and signs. "
Few ordinary people from the urban form, the history of urban development to understand these professional perspective. A city impressive is often on the streets of the city landscape, the scale on the streets, on both sides of the streets and buildings of the body style, different color plaque advertising signs and instructions, a unique Green, comedy , facilities, as well as traffic on the streets of the shuttle, or walk or hasty trip people, or stop and chat or watch…… people on the streets of these cities often become scenes of the representatives of the city landscape. For example, the Old City of Paris, France Rural Elysees Avenue, on both sides of the unique traditional style buildings to accommodate the world's leading luxury boutiques, and the axis on the street, together with the Arc de Triomphe in Paris, France by the Old City's unique urban landscape.
3. Status quo of China's urban street landscape
Over the last 10 years since the appearance of the city's tremendous changes, but China's urban landscape and there is a great gap between the advanced countries also need to continue work. City streets on the current landscape of the existence of major problems in the following areas:
3.1 sound functional facilities
In our country there are many cities in the road traffic environment status quo, considered only the basic requirements of the Road Traffic - on the request of the road, ignoring the various facilities of a street, such as traffic signs, street lighting, as well as other for the use of various facilities, use can not meet the people's demands.
3.2 poor quality of the environment
My street status to common problems is the issue of environmental quality; streets Green system is not perfect, does not repair the defect Green timely; chaotic streets architectural forms, no character to the wall more than it is not modified wall, advertising free Luantie; lack of traffic signs The carefully designed system. Lack of facilities streets serialization and standardization of design and overall poor.
3.3 street environment "heavy vehicles not Tongren"
Lack of heavy traffic sections of the footbridge, and the street crossings Line Road, pedestrians had to risk crossing the streets in many cities traffic needs in order to squeeze out the way sidewalks widened Vehicle Road, Indiana allowed to enter the vehicle, and increase the risk of traffic ; driveway and sidewalk between a lack of isolation facilities, hence the lack of walking space security.
3.4 low level street facilities
Street lighting failed to meet the transport needs of the ground walking Road Paving Materials Durability poor, the low quality of construction, the Pacers can not meet the basic requirements of the walk. Lacking for the disabled, the elderly, the children's mother cart to provide convenient accessibility design. A serious shortage of supporting facilities for pedestrians on the streets of the service facilities, such as public toilets, Jielu signs, traffic map display, public telephone booths and the necessary rest, such as a serious shortage of space, and the improvement of the appearance of the city is not synchronous.
Lack personality street construction3.5
1000 House side, 1000 Street side of the phenomenon of widespread criticism over the past people 'the box', regardless of today's urban historical background, without looking at the overall outlook of the city has emerged around the imitation of European architecture, making the street lost its personality . Street construction in the space, the construction on both sides of the color, materials, was too similar to the format, the lack of knowledge.
3.6 lack of public places
The design of the road traffic environment with little regard for the public to provide information exchanges places. People's Bank lack of space, the lack of street Square, people in the city streets can not stay safe places, let alone held more rich and colorful activities.
Analysis of the reasons for the existence of Q in the following areas:
A. historical reasons
As our country's historical reasons, resulting in too many urban traffic facilities and repudiating debts, the supply and demand imbalance, coupled with the influx of large numbers of people after the reform of city, had exacerbated the conflict.
B. Issues
China's urban construction over the past long followed a "practical, economic, and the possible conditions under stress handsome" principle. This principle in the early period after the liberation, in a poverty-stricken conditions repair the wounds of war, a rapid improvement of the appearance of the city developed the idea. But cities in the development, social progress, but we are not with the concept of updating.
C. management was not tight
City street construction, maintenance and management of many of compartmentalization, as boundaries unclear, a problem often shirk each other, play. Caused to the city streets have also all regardless, often management imbalance phenomenon, a typical phenomenon is the same section of the city streets excavation.
D. legislation is not perfect
At present the main urban planning and management regulations "Law on Urban Planning", and urban construction management major means of control - control of the detailed planning, on city streets red line width urban areas only, the import and export section and traffic directions made, not on the environmental impact of city streets so many factors request.
4. Light of the existing problems, street landscape design should follow the principle of
4.1 "people-centered" principle
The "people-oriented" ideology from Europe during the Renaissance humanist trend of thought, the people of the Middle Ages in Europe as the center of Renaissance Italy during the aesthetic ideology, but also into humanism, advocating freedom of thought and liberation.
In the streets in the city landscape requirements, mainly manifested in the people's ownership in the overall planning of the control of the streets of detailed planning landscape design. Various service facilities in the street configuration and the construction of the implementation process, we must proceed from the perspective of meeting people's physical and psychological requirements. Because the crowd is the main streets, their lifestyle and behavior determines the future of cities. Urban street landscape design to take into account the different requirements of different concepts - a good landscape design of city streets sake of people everywhere.
4.2 respect, the protection of historical inheritance and the role of
Those in the historic city sites, has left a profound impression, which the city laid the foundation for the building of character. This is because the city has places of historical significance architectural form, color and spatial scales and lifestyle, and precisely and hidden in the eyes of the public, driving behavior geographical anastomosis social values and cultural identity, it can arouse public sympathy, arousing the past memories of a cultural identity.
So, we in the streets King respect history, and the protection of historical inheritance, and at the same time to develop. Select the essence, choose the dross.
4.3 holistic principles
Urban street pattern of the design of the overall departure from the city, city street landscape design should reflect the city and display the image and personality.
Urban street landscape design for the city's prominent personality services.
4.4 sustainability principles
With urban development, with the deteriorating environment, the deterioration of the environment awakens the people, and sustainable development have emerged. Sustainable development is the theme of the 21st century, meaning it has two, one for the meeting stressed the need to improve people's living standards as a goal is a concern about the factors that affect development.
Sustainable urban development, sustainable development is an important component of the environment in the design of city streets to follow this point, advocating nature and the pursuit of natural, man and nature to the high degree of integration. In the street landscape design should pay attention to strengthening the adjustment of the natural landscape elements, use and recovery.
5. Urban landscape design analysis
City streets and traffic can be divided into the streets, living in the streets, walking and other walking commercial use Road. They requested the landscape has its own characteristics. But they have much in common, both for the convenience, can be identified, can be ornamental, safety, suitability. We can learn from the following aspects: a comprehensive analysis of:
5.1 street form of consideration
The traffic of the streets, we must have a radius of the curve of the line mainly through road construction on both sides of the trees and street width than height and the creation of space feelings. This flow of vehicles to stimulate services. Tingchean wall in the vicinity of the whole number of murals, added to the streets of light.
Street traffic is walking the streets of continuity in the design must pay attention to the rational use of retractable way, the park's North District in sequence processing plant on doing a good job. If further widening the space for a number of landscape pieces such as small fountain sculpture, adding to the natural taste of the streets, such as Canada's Teke Fruit Street.
5.2 billboards, environmental sculpture pieces and facilities design
Advertising is the product of the information age, street advertising in the modern urban landscape plays an important role. Is the role of street advertising propaganda, it should be emphasized that stimulate, for larger, often affect the city image, the advertisement must be strictly approval. But if the streets with advertising and sculpture pieces, we added a lot of fun, and space-saving. Pieces street sculpture, functional facilities should be out of obsolete concepts, stressed that the form of beautiful and functional diversity, design ideas must reflect the natural, interesting, lively and relaxed. For example, telephone booths will be bold, seat of art and badges.
5.3 city streets Green Design
Green design is urban street design of the core city streets, a good greening simple, generous, clear, natural, open landscape. Green ancient and modern roads are much attention. Back in China, "Han" on the record: "the pot calling the Road-Canton, San Zhang and trees, thick build aloof hidden gold cone, a Pine Tree" shows more than 2,000 years ago, China has used pine for street trees, Kyoto Yu Tang Chang'an use, such as Huai do street trees. With the rapid development of urban construction, urban roads, more varied functions, and formed a variety of greenbelt. Also will be street trees, and shelter belts or 106% of the common green corridor. Green streets with other green design must follow the same unity, reconciliation, balance, tempo and rhythm of the five principles of scale and proportion.
Green in the form of city streets is varied. Selection of the street according to the street environment characteristics decision. For example, on both sides of landscape architectural characteristics compared to performance of the construction then choose relatively low plant. Green streets have their special features, its most important plant configuration. Green plants road configuration should reflect diversity and individuality of a combination of the aesthetic thinking in site conditions permitting, through the buffer zone configuration, the small trees and flowering shrubs, really large, medium and small trees and flowering shrubs The combination showed a level of street landscape.
Green city streets should also pay attention to the choice of street trees, street trees change of a single species, the color was too much duplication. Should take the road of street trees in the same configuration practices relatively uniform way. We can choose more than 10 species of street trees as keynote to ensure that the urban road greening reflects harmony with the overall style, and the middle and lower classes as colorful. Adhere to native trees mainly at the same time vigorously promote the local natural conditions for the species.
In addition, selected street trees, beautiful children alone, not to the street trees shading features, such as Guangzhou on the Binjiang Road, the pursuit of beauty stubbornly ignored the functions of street trees.
